August 30

August 30 is the 242nd day of the year (243rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 123 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 1363 – Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders — Chen Youliang and Zhu Yuanzhang — are pitted against each other in what is one of the largest naval battles in history, during the last decade of the ailing, Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty.
• 1574 – Guru Ram Das becomes the Fourth Sikh Guru/Master.
• 1590 – Tokugawa Ieyasu enters Edo Castle. (Traditional Japanese date: August 1, 1590)
• 1791 – HMS Pandora sinks after having run aground on a reef the previous day.
• 1799 – The entire Dutch fleet is captured by British forces under the command of Sir Ralph Abercromby and Admiral Sir Charles Mitchell during the Second Coalition of the French Revolutionary Wars.
• 1800 – Gabriel Prosser leads a slave rebellion in Richmond, Virginia
• 1813 – Battle of Kulm: French forces are defeated by an Austrian-Prussian-Russian alliance.
• 1813 – Creek War - Fort Mims massacre: Creek "Red Sticks" kill over 500 settlers (including over 250 armed militia) in Fort Mims, north of Mobile, Alabama.
• 1835 – Melbourne, Australia is founded.
• 1836 – The city of Houston is founded by Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen
• 1862 – American Civil War - Battle of Richmond: Confederates under Edmund Kirby Smith rout Union forces under General Horatio Wright.
• 1873 – Austrian explorers Julius von Payer and Karl Weyprecht discover the archipelago of Franz Joseph Land in the Arctic Sea.
• 1897 – The town of Ambiky is captured by France from Menabe in Madagascar.
• 1896 – Eight provinces in the Philippines are declared under martial law by the Spanish Governor-General Ramón Blanco y Erenas. These were Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Bataan, Laguna, and Batangas.
• 1909 – Burgess Shale fossils are discovered by Charles Doolittle Walcott.
• 1914 – The Battle of Tannenberg is fought.
• 1918 – Fanny Kaplan shoots and seriously injures Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin. This, along with the assassination of Bolshevik senior official Moisei Uritsky days earlier, prompts the decree for Red Terror.
• 1922 – Battle of Dumlupinar: the final battle in the Greek-Turkish War ("Turkish War of Independence").
• 1940 The Second Vienna Award, giving back to Hungary part of Transsylvania, ceded after the First World War.
• 1942 – World War II: the Battle of Alam Halfa begins.
• 1945 – Hong Kong is liberated from Japan by British Armed Forces.
• 1945 – The Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces, General Douglas MacArthur lands at Atsugi Air Force Base.
• 1956 – The Lake Pontchartrain Causeway opens.
• 1962 – Japan conducts a test of the NAMC YS-11, its first aircraft since World War II and its only successful commercial aircraft from before or after the war.
• 1963 – The Hotline between the leaders of the U.S.A. and the Soviet Union goes into operation.
• 1967 – Thurgood Marshall is confirmed as the first African American Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
• 1974 – A Belgrade–Dortmund express train derails at the main train station in Zagreb killing 153 passengers.
• 1974 – A powerful bomb explodes at the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries headquarters in Marunouchi, Tokyo, Japan. 8 are killed, 378 are injured. Eight left-wing activists are arrested on May 19, 1975 by Japanese authorities.
• 1984 – STS-41-D: The Space Shuttle Discovery takes off on its maiden voyage.
• 1995 – NATO launches Operation Deliberate Force against Bosnian Serb forces.

Births

• 1334 – King Peter of Castile (d. 1369)
• 1377 – Shah Rukh, ruler of Persia and Transoxonia (d. 1447)
• 1705 – David Hartley, English philosopher (d. 1757)
• 1720 – Samuel Whitbread, English brewer (d. 1796)
• 1748 – Jacques-Louis David, French painter (d. 1825)
• 1768 – Joseph Dennie, American writer (d. 1812)
• 1797 – Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, English writer (d. 1851)
• 1808 – Princess Ludovika of Bavaria (d. 1892)
• 1813 – Princess Mathilde of Bavaria (d. 1862)
• 1818 – Alexander H. Rice, 30^th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1895)
• 1821 – Anita Garibaldi, Brazilian revolutionary and wife of Giuseppe Garibaldi (d. 1849)
• 1839 – Gulstan Ropert, French Catholic prelate (d. 1903)
• 1842 – Grand Duchess Alexandra Alexandrovna of Russia (d. 1849)
• 1848 – Andrew Onderdonk, Canadian railway contractor (d. 1905)
• 1850 – Marcelo H. del Pilar, Filipino writer, journalist and revolutionary (d. 1896)
• 1852 – Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Dutch physical and organic chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1911)
• 1856 – Carle David Tolmé Runge, German physicist (d. 1927)
• 1860 – Isaac Levitan, Russian artist (d. 1900)
• 1870 – Grand Duchess Alexandra Georgievna of Russia (d. 1891)
• 1871 – Ernest Rutherford, New Zealand-born British chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1937)
• 1884 – Theodor Svedberg, Swedish chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1971)
• 1890 – Samuel Frederick Henry Thompson, British fighter ace (d. 1918)
• 1893 – Huey Long, American politician (d. 1935)
• 1896 – Raymond Massey, Canadian actor (d. 1983)
• 1898 – Shirley Booth, American actress (d. 1992)
• 1901 – Roy Wilkins, American civil rights leader (d. 1981)
• 1901 – John Gunther, American writer (d. 1970)
• 1906 – Joan Blondell, American actress (d. 1979)
• 1908 – Fred MacMurray, American actor (d. 1991)
• 1912 – Edward Mills Purcell, American physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1997)
• 1912 – Nancy Wake AC GM, New Zealand-born British World War II secret agent
• 1913 – Richard Stone, British economist, Nobel laureate (d. 1991)
• 1915 – Robert Strassburg, American composer (d. 2003)
• 1917 – Denis Healey, British politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer
• 1918 – Ted Williams, American baseball player (d. 2002)
• 1918 – Billy Johnson, American baseball player (d. 2006)
• 1919 – Kitty Wells, American singer
• 1919 – Wolfgang Wagner, German opera director (d. 2010)
• 1922 – Lionel Murphy, Australian politician (d. 1986)
• 1922 – Regina Resnik, American mezzo-soprano
• 1923 – Barbara Ansell, British physician, founder of paediatric rheumatology (d. 2001)
• 1923 – Charmian Clift, Australian writer and essayist (d. 1969)
• 1923 – Vic Seixas, American tennis player
• 1924 – Geoffrey Beene, American fashion designer (d. 2004)
• 1925 – Laurent de Brunhoff, French writer and illustrator
• 1928 – Lloyd Casner, American racecar driver and owner (d. 1965)
• 1930 – Warren Buffett, American entrepreneur
• 1930 – Jerry Tarkanian, American basketball coach
• 1930 – Noel Harford, New Zealand cricketer (d. 1981)
• 1931 – Jack Swigert, American astronaut (d. 1982)
• 1933 – Don Getty, Canadian politician
• 1934 – Baloo Gupte, Indian cricketer (d. 2005)
• 1935 – John Phillips, American singer-songwriter (The Mamas & the Papas) (d. 2001)
• 1937 – Bruce McLaren, New Zealand car racer and founder of McLaren racing team (d. 1970)
• 1939 – John Peel, English radio disc jockey (d. 2004)
• 1939 – Elizabeth Ashley, American actress
• 1941 – Ben L. Jones, American actor, politician and essayist
• 1942 – Pervez Sajjad, Pakistani cricketer
• 1943 – Robert Crumb, American cartoonist
• 1943 – Jean-Claude Killy, French skier
• 1944 – Molly Ivins, American political humorist (d. 2007)
• 1944 – Tug McGraw, American baseball player (d. 2004)
• 1946 – Peggy Lipton, American actress
• 1946 – Queen Anne-Marie of Greece
• 1947 – Allan Rock, Canadian politician and diplomat
• 1948 – Lewis Black, American comedian
• 1948 – Fred Hampton, American Black Panther Party leader (d. 1969)
• 1948 – Donnacha O'Dea, Irish poker player and swimmer
• 1949 – Peter Maffay, Romania-born German singer-songwriter
• 1949 – Ted Ammon, American financier (d. 2001)
• 1949 – Christopher Collins, American actor and comedian (d. 1994)
• 1949 – Don Boudria, Canadian politician
• 1950 – Antony Gormley, English sculptor
• 1951 – Timothy Bottoms, American actor
• 1951 – Dana Rosemary Scallon, Irish singer (as Dana) and politician
• 1953 – Robin Harris, American comedian (d. 1990)
• 1953 – Horace Panter, British bassist (The Specials, General Public)
• 1953 – Robert Parish, American basketball player
• 1953 – Ron George, American politician
• 1954 – David Paymer, American actor
• 1954 – Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus
• 1956 – Frank Conniff, American comedian (TV's Frank)
• 1958 – Martin Jackson, British drummer (Swing out Sister)
• 1958 – Anna Politkovskaya, Russian journalist (d. 2006)
• 1959 – Mark "Jacko" Jackson, Australian rules footballer and actor
• 1960 – Chalino Sánchez, Mexican singer-songwriter (d. 1992)
• 1960 – Gary Gordon, American Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1993)
• 1960 – Guy A. Lepage, Quebec humorist, television host and producer
• 1962 – Alexander Litvinenko, Russian KGB officer (d. 2006)
• 1963 – Michael Chiklis, American actor
• 1963 – Paul Oakenfold, British disc jockey
• 1963 – Oderus Urungus, American vocalist (GWAR)
• 1964 – Gavin Fisher, British engineer
• 1966 – Michael Michele, American actress
• 1967 – Justin Vaughan, New Zealand cricketer
• 1967 – Frederique van der Wal, Dutch model
• 1968 – Vladimir Malakhov, Russian ice hockey player
• 1969 – Dimitris Sgouros, Greek pianist
• 1970 – Carlo Checchinato, Italian rugby player and manager
• 1970 – Michael Wong, Malaysia-born Chinese singer
• 1971 – Lars Frederiksen, American guitarist (Rancid and UK Subs)
• 1972 – Cameron Diaz, American actress
• 1972 – Pavel Nedvěd, Czech footballer
• 1973 – Lisa Ling, American journalist
• 1974 – Javier Otxoa, Spanish cyclist
• 1974 – Aaron Barrett, American vocalist and guitarist (Reel Big Fish)
• 1975 – Radhi Jaidi, Tunisian footballer
• 1976 – Lillo Brancato Jr., American actor
• 1976 – Mike Koplove, American baseball player
• 1976 – Sarah-Jane Potts, English actress
• 1977 – Shaun Alexander, American football player
• 1977 – Marlon Byrd, American baseball player
• 1977 – Elden Henson, American actor
• 1977 – Kamil Kosowski, Polish footballer
• 1977 – Jens Ludwig, German guitarist (Edguy)
• 1978 – Swizz Beatz, American record producer and rapper
• 1978 – Cliff Lee, American baseball player
• 1978 – Sinead Kerr, Irish Olympic figure skater and ice dancer
• 1979 – Juan Ignacio Chela, Argentine tennis player
• 1979 – Leon Lopez, British actor
• 1979 – Niki Chow, Hong Kong actress and singer
• 1979 – Scott Richmond, Canadian baseball player
• 1979 – Tavia Yeung, Hong Kong actress
• 1980 – Derrick Ward, American football player
• 1981 – Germán Legarreta, American actor
• 1982 – Andy Roddick, American tennis player
• 1982 – Will Davison, Australian racing driver
• 1983 – Jun Matsumoto, Japanese singer and actor
• 1983 – Gustavo Eberto, Argentine footballer (d. 2007)
• 1984 – Anthony Ireland, Zimbabwean cricketer
• 1985 – Richard Duffy, Welsh footballer
• 1985 – Leisel Jones, Australian swimmer
• 1985 – Eamon Sullivan, Australian swimmer
• 1985 – Éva Risztov, Hungarian swimmer
• 1985 – Steven Smith, Scottish footballer
• 1986 – Ryan Ross, American guitarist (Panic! at the Disco)
• 1988 – Michael Cavanaugh ("StrongSide"), American professional gamer
• 1988 – Ernests Gulbis, Latvian tennis player
• 1988 – Laura Põldvere, Estonian singer
• 1989 – Ronald Huth, Paraguayan footballer
• 1991 – Liam Cooper, Scottish footballer
• 2001 – Emily Bear, American child pianist and composer

Deaths

• 526 – Theodoric the Great, King of the Ostrogoths and ruler of Italy (b. 454)
• 1158 – King Sancho III of Castile (b. 1134)
• 1329 – Khutughtu Khan, Emperor Mingzong of Yuan, emperor of the Yuan Dynasty and the Mongol Empire (b. 1300)
• 1428 – Emperor Shōkō of Japan (b. 1401)
• 1483 – King Louis XI of France (b. 1423)
• 1580 – Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy (b. 1528)
• 1619 – Shimazu Yoshihiro, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1535)
• 1723 – Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Dutch tradesman and scientist (b. 1632)
• 1751 – Christopher Polhem, Swedish scientist and inventor (b. 1661)
• 1856 – Gilbert Abbott à Beckett, English writer (b. 1811)
• 1879 – John Bell Hood, American Confederate general (b. 1831)
• 1886 – Ferris Jacobs, Jr., American politician (b. 1836)
• 1896 – Alexei Lobanov-Rostovsky, Russian statesman (b. 1824)
• 1906 – Hans Auer, Swiss architect (b. 1847)
• 1907 – Richard Mansfield, American actor and manager (b. 1857)
• 1928 – Wilhelm Wien, German physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1864)
• 1935 – Henri Barbusse, French novelist and journalist (b. 1873)
• 1938 – Max Factor, Sr., Polish-born American make-up artist and cosmetic manufacturer (b. 1877)
• 1940 – J.J. Thomson, English physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1856)
• 1941 – Peder Oluf Pedersen, Danish engineer and physicist (b. 1874)
• 1943 – Father Eustaquio van Lieshout, Dutch Catholic priest (b. 1890)
• 1946 – Konstantin Rodzaevsky, Russian fascist (executed) (b. 1907)
• 1949 – Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (b. 1877)
• 1961 – Charles Coburn, American actor (b. 1877)
• 1963 – Guy Burgess, English-born Soviet spy (b. 1911)
• 1968 – William Talman, American actor (b. 1915)
• 1970 – Del Moore, American comedian (b. 1916)
• 1981 – Vera-Ellen, American actress (b. 1921)
• 1981 – Mohammad-Ali Rajai, Iranian statesman (b. 1933)
• 1985 – Taylor Caldwell, English-born American novelist (b. 1900)
• 1989 – Seymour Krim, American journalist, essayist and literary critic (b. 1922)
• 1991 – Jean Tinguely, Swiss painter and sculptor (b. 1925)
• 1993 – Richard Jordan, American actor (b. 1938)
• 1994 – Lindsay Anderson, English film director (b. 1923)
• 1995 – Fischer Black, American economist (b. 1938)
• 1995 – Sterling Morrison, American guitarist (The Velvet Underground) (b. 1942)
• 1996 – Christine Pascal, French actress and director (b. 1953)
• 1999 – Raymond Poïvet, French comics artist (b. 1910)
• 2000 – David Haskell, American actor (b. 1948)
• 2001 – Ivor Spencer-Thomas, English farmer, entrepreneur and inventor (b. 1907)
• 2002 – J. Lee Thompson, English film director (b. 1914)
• 2003 – Charles Bronson, American actor (b. 1921)
• 2003 – Donald Davidson, American philosopher (b. 1917)
• 2004 – Fred Lawrence Whipple, American astronomer (b. 1906)
• 2004 – Indian Larry, American motorcycle builder and stuntman (b. 1949)
• 2006 – Glenn Ford, Canadian-born American actor (b. 1916)
• 2006 – Naguib Mahfouz, Egyptian writer, Nobel laureate (b. 1911)
• 2006 – Robin Cooke, Baron Cooke of Thorndon, New Zealand jurist and member of the British House of Lords (b. 1926)
• 2007 – Michael Jackson, British beer and whiskey author and expert (b. 1942)
• 2007 – Charles Vanik, American politician (b. 1918)
• 2008 – Killer Kowalski, Canadian professional wrestler (b. 1926)
• 2010 – Alain Corneau, French filmmaker (b. 1943)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Felix and Adauctus
  • Pammachius
• International Day of the Disappeared (International)
• Saint Rose of Lima's Day (Peru)
• Victory Day (Turkey)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada